Linguistic Adaptation: The Historical Evolution of Igbo Alphabets

Preamble: Linguistic Adaptation

The Igbo language, one of Nigeria’s major languages, boasts a rich and complex history, especially in its written form. Central to this history is the concept of linguistic adaptation, which refers to the dynamic changes and reforms the Igbo alphabet has undergone to suit different linguistic and cultural contexts. There are 36 alphabets in the Igbo language, categorized into three main types: consonants, vowels, and semi-vowels. The Igbo alphabets we use today are derived from the Latin script, though they are distinct from the scripts used for many Euro-Asian languages. Interestingly, the Igbo script was not always as it is today; it has evolved significantly through various reforms and counter-reforms over time. This evolution has been influenced by various historical, cultural, and linguistic factors (Ezeomeke 2004, 20–22).

Early Orthographies

1.    Lepsius’ Orthography

The earliest known Igbo orthography was developed by Karl Richard Lepsius (1810–1884) (Jimmy, n.d.), a pioneering figure in modern Egyptology. Lepsius’ journey into the world of scripts began with his studies in Greek and Archaeology, where he developed a keen interest in ancient languages and writing systems. After delving into the works of Champollion (Britannica 2024), the decipherer of Egyptian hieroglyphs, Lepsius expanded his research to include African languages. His extensive travels across Europe allowed him to gather a wealth of knowledge on ancient scripts, which he later adapted for African languages. The Lepsius orthography, adopted by Anglican Clerics, was the first to transcribe the Igbo language systematically. This orthography provided a structured way to write Igbo, making it accessible for education and religious purposes.

2.    New Orthography and the Role of Catholic Missionaries

With the arrival of Catholic missionaries, the Lepsius orthography underwent significant modifications, culminating in the New Orthography of 1927. The missionaries aimed to resolve issues with Lepsius’ system by considering the unique sounds of the Igbo language. They believed that a revised system would better accommodate the phonetic nuances of Igbo. However, this led to confusion as it resulted in two competing factions: one supporting the Catholic missionaries’ revised orthography and the other adhering to the Anglican system. This division created a linguistic dilemma (Ugorji 2007, 171), complicating efforts to standardize the Igbo script.

Mid-20th Century Reforms

1.    Compromised Orthography

In 1949, a compromised orthography was introduced in an attempt to address these conflicts. Chaired by S. N. Okpara, the committee aimed to create a unified system that would end the ongoing disputes. The compromised orthography sought to merge the best elements of both the Lepsius and Catholic systems. This hybrid orthography was designed to provide a more consistent and balanced approach to writing Igbo, promoting linguistic unity. Despite its intentions, Compromised Orthography faced challenges gaining widespread acceptance as different communities and institutions had grown accustomed to their preferred systems.

2.    Adam-Ward’s Orthography

By the mid-20th century, another notable development was Adam-Ward’s orthography, proposed by F. C. Adam and Ida C. Ward. This system sought to provide a more consistent and clear representation of Igbo sounds, further refining the alphabet’s structure. Adam-Ward’s orthography focused on addressing specific phonetic challenges, ensuring that each sound in the Igbo language was accurately represented. This orthography played a crucial role in academic and linguistic circles, influencing subsequent efforts to standardize the Igbo script.

Modern Orthographies

1.    F. C. Ogbalu’s Contributions

F. C. Ogbalu, a significant figure in the evolution of the Igbo language, introduced a new orthography that has become the basis for the modern Igbo alphabet. His work emphasized the importance of creating an accessible and standardized system for both native speakers and learners. Ogbalu’s orthography is built upon previous systems, incorporating insights from linguistic research and practical use. His efforts were instrumental in promoting literacy and education in Igbo-speaking regions, making the language more accessible to a wider audience.

2.    Okwara Orthography

Okwara Orthography also played a crucial role in shaping the contemporary Igbo alphabet. It addressed some of the shortcomings of previous systems, ensuring greater consistency and ease of use. The Okwara Orthography was designed to simplify the learning process for new learners while preserving the linguistic integrity of the Igbo language. This system has been widely adopted in educational institutions and has contributed to the revitalization of Igbo literacy.

3. Onwu’s Orthography

Onwu’s Orthography represents a significant development in modern Igbo script evolution. Developed in 1961, the government created a committee named The Ọnwụ Committee after its leader S. E Ọnwụ. This orthography enjoyed a wider reception and continued to be widely used. However, in 1976, the committee made a final adjustment that brought the Igbo Alphabet to what we now know as mkpụrụabịịdịị Igbo – Igbo alphabets. Onwu’s contributions have had a lasting impact on Igbo language education and cultural preservation, contributing to the standardization of the script.

Conclusion

The development of the Igbo alphabet is a testament to the language’s dynamic history and the efforts of numerous scholars and linguists. From Lepsius’ pioneering work to modern refinements, the Igbo script has continually evolved, reflecting the rich cultural heritage of its speakers. Each stage of development brought new insights and improvements, contributing to a more robust and standardized system. Today, the standardized Igbo alphabet stands as a symbol of linguistic unity and cultural identity, bridging the past and the present for future generations.

The journey of the Igbo alphabet highlights the interplay between language, culture, and history. As the Igbo language continues to thrive, its alphabet remains a vital tool for preserving and promoting its rich heritage. The ongoing efforts to refine and standardize the Igbo script underscore the importance of linguistic diversity and cultural preservation in a rapidly changing world.

     

      1. Ezeomeke, S.O. 2004. Igodo Nghọta Ụtọasụsụ Igbo. Enugu: EasyQuality.

      1. Jimmy, Dunn. n.d. ‘Carl (Karl) Richard Lepsius, A Founder of Modern Egyptology’. Tour Egypt. Accessed 7 July 2024. https://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/lepsius.htm.

      1. Ugorji, C. 2007. ‘A Democratic IGBO Orthography’. Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 43 (1). https://doi.org/10.2478/v10010-007-0009-0.

      1. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. 2024. ‘Egyptian Language | History, Writing, & Hieroglyphics’. Britannica. 29 February 2024. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Francois-Champollion.

     

    Nnaemeka Ali, O.M.I

    Writer & Blogger

    Related Posts:

    • All Post
    • #BaseCôtesNord
    • #Benjamins_Canada
    • #BokoHaram
    • #BringBackOurGirls
    • #Buhari
    • #Burundi
    • #CatholicChurch
    • #Developpement et Paix
    • #Einstein
    • #EWTN
    • #FirstNations
    • #FourthSundayofLent
    • #Funeral
    • #Gar_right
    • #HumanRight
    • #Igbo
    • #IIT_Lagos
    • #Industrial_training
    • #Insecurity
    • #iPad
    • #iPhone
    • #IsisParisAttack
    • #JEG
    • #Justice
    • #Kateri_Tekakwitha
    • #Kenya
    • #Kenyata
    • #Lent
    • #Mani-Utenam
    • #Mbaka
    • #NationalCatholicReporters
    • #NigerianElection
    • #NigeriaYouths
    • #Nkurunziza
    • #NnamdiKanu
    • #Nutashkuan
    • #Obama
    • #ObyEzekwesili
    • #OMI
    • #OMIQUEBEC
    • #Oration
    • #PierreNkurunziza
    • #Pray4Nigeria
    • #PrayforParis
    • #Premières_Nations.
    • #Putsch
    • #Relativité
    • #ReligioninNigeria
    • #Religious_Life
    • #Science
    • #Storage
    • #Technology
    • #Terrorism
    • #ThéoriedeRelativité
    • #Trial/Error
    • #Uashat
    • #Vide
    • #VoteWisely
    • #YoungOblates
    • abuja
    • Africa
    • African Catholicism
    • African Christianity
    • African Classics
    • African Literature
    • African mythologie
    • African philosophy
    • African Poetry
    • African Saints
    • African theologians
    • African theology
    • Afrika
    • Air Canada Canada
    • ALI Nnaemeka Cornelius
    • all saint day
    • Amadioha
    • American dream
    • Americanah
    • Amerindiens
    • Amour
    • Anansi
    • Angels
    • Anges
    • Annunciation
    • Antananarivo
    • antipodes existentiels
    • Apostles
    • APTN
    • Arab spring
    • Archbishop Kaigama
    • Aso rock
    • Assassination of clergies. National Catholic Bishops Conferences of Cameroon
    • Asusu Igbo
    • Athletics
    • Atikamek
    • Autochtones
    • Autocton
    • avenir de la vie religieuse
    • Away (TV Series)
    • Baba Suwe
    • Babcock University
    • Bahamas
    • Bakassi Penisula
    • Balaraba Ramat
    • Baptême
    • Baptême du Seigneur
    • Baptism
    • Barack Obama
    • Béatitude
    • Benedict XVI
    • Benny Hinn
    • Betrayal of Jesus
    • Biafra
    • Biafra war
    • Biafran Civil War
    • Biafran-Nigerian war
    • biodiversité
    • Birthday
    • Bishop Badejo
    • Bishop John Ayah
    • Bishop Sebastianappan Singaroyan
    • Bishops' synods
    • Black Catholics
    • Black Child
    • Black identity
    • Black lives matter
    • Black lives matters
    • Black Panther
    • Black Poetry
    • Black theology
    • Black Time
    • Blackface
    • Blackout
    • Blessed Iwene Tansi
    • Boko-Haram
    • Boko-Haram victims
    • bomb blast
    • bombs
    • Bonjour
    • Brownface
    • Brutalité policière
    • burying the dead
    • Business
    • cabals
    • Cafeteria
    • Calliope
    • Cameroon
    • Cameroun
    • Canada
    • Canadian_Church
    • canotage
    • Capital purnishment
    • Cardinal George
    • Cardinal Sarah
    • Caster Semenya
    • catéchèse
    • Catéchètes
    • Catechism
    • Catholic Bishops Conference of Nigeria
    • Catholic Church
    • Catholic church and racism
    • Catholic Diocese of Salem
    • Catholic theology
    • Catholicism
    • Catholicity in Igbo land
    • CBCN
    • CBN
    • CCBI
    • Celibacy
    • Célibat des prêtres
    • CENC
    • Centre Afrika
    • Changement climatique
    • Chigozie Obioma
    • Chika Ezeanya
    • Chika Unigwe
    • Child abuse
    • Child soldier
    • Children
    • Children and Mission
    • Children's Corner
    • Children's Psychology
    • Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
    • Chinua Achebe
    • Christian gathering
    • Christian poetry
    • Christmas poem
    • Chrstian showmanship
    • Church services
    • Church Social Development
    • Churches in Nigeria
    • City poetry
    • Civil union
    • Clergy Sexual Abuses
    • Clericalism
    • climat du Nord
    • Coat of arm
    • Cœur d’enfant
    • Collective Consciousness
    • Colonisation
    • coloriage
    • Communauté de foi
    • Communauté religieuse
    • communauté vivante
    • Communautés culturelles
    • Community developement
    • Community life
    • Community School
    • Conclave
    • Conference Épiscopale du Cameroon
    • Conférence Épiscopale du Tchad
    • confinement solitaire
    • Conflict de génération
    • Conseil des églises canadiennes
    • Contercultural revolution
    • Contextual theology
    • Corona Virus
    • Corona Virus et la foi
    • corporal works of mercy
    • Corruption
    • Corruption in Nigeria
    • Côte-Nord
    • Cotes d'Ivoire
    • counterculture
    • Couple
    • Covid Skepticism
    • Covid Skeptics
    • COVID19
    • Covid19andFaith
    • COVID19inNigeria
    • Covid19Poetry
    • Creativity in mission
    • Cross
    • Croyance Chrétienne
    • Crucifix
    • Cultural Anthropology
    • Cultural resilience
    • Culture
    • Culture of Rape
    • Daily reflection
    • Daily reflections
    • Dambisa Moyo
    • De Gaule
    • Dear Ijeawele
    • Debout
    • Dele Giwa
    • Democracie
    • Democracy
    • Democracy Day Celebration
    • Denis Hurley
    • Denyse Mostert
    • Desjardins
    • Devaluation
    • dialogue
    • dimanche de la parole de Dieu
    • Diplomacy fo Peace
    • Disciples of Emmaus
    • Discipleship
    • Disney World
    • Domination
    • domination occidentale
    • Dorian
    • Douleur d’enfantements
    • Dr Stella Emmanuel
    • Earth Day
    • Easter
    • Easter message
    • ecclésiologie
    • Ecclesiology
    • Ecology
    • ecopoésie
    • Ecumenism
    • Education
    • Église
    • église et mission
    • Église presbytérienne
    • Ekuanitshit
    • Ekuantshit
    • El Rufai
    • emekalison
    • ENDSARS
    • enigma
    • Enugu
    • Enugu-Ezike
    • Epiphany
    • Équilibre mental
    • Est du Québec
    • etc.
    • étoile filante
    • être église
    • Évangélisation
    • existence
    • exploitation
    • Eze Okechukwu
    • facebook
    • Faith
    • Faith and COVID19
    • FaithAndFear
    • Fake miracles
    • famille mazenodienne
    • Famille Myriam
    • Family Church
    • Family ritual
    • Fanaticism
    • Farming ritual
    • fatalité
    • Father figure
    • Fear
    • Feminism
    • Femmes autochtones
    • Fête des mères
    • Fêtes des mères
    • Fiat
    • Fishing
    • Focolare
    • Foi et Turbulences
    • Font baptismal
    • Forbes
    • Fr Joseph Ntumba Maboyi
    • Fr Mbaka
    • France-Afrique
    • Francophonie
    • Frank Santucci
    • Fraternalisation virtuelle
    • Fraternisation virtuelle
    • frein culturel
    • frère soleil
    • Fuel Subsidy
    • Fuel Subsidy removal
    • Gadhaffi
    • Gbagbo
    • Gender discrimination
    • Genocide of India's daughter
    • genre discrimination
    • George Floyd
    • Giant Nation
    • GirlsLivesMatter
    • Globalization
    • Glorious Cross
    • Good Friday
    • Goodluck Jonathan
    • guerre
    • guerre économique
    • Hajj
    • Handicaps
    • Happiness
    • harponage
    • Hassan KUKAH
    • hero
    • Heureux
    • Hilary Swank
    • Histoire de l’Église
    • Hiver
    • Holy Cross
    • Homecoming
    • Homeless Babies
    • Homily
    • Hommage
    • hope poetry
    • Hope Uzodimma
    • House Collapses in lagos
    • Human right
    • Hurricane
    • Hydro-Québec
    • Hydroxychloroquine
    • I am George Floyd
    • I.A.A.F.
    • Iconography
    • Ife
    • Igbo Cosmology
    • Igbo Culture
    • Igbo girls
    • Igbo language
    • Igbo women
    • Immigrant
    • Imo State
    • Imperialisme
    • Imperialisme etc
    • In the name of Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit
    • Inculturation
    • India
    • indigenous spirituality
    • Industrial Institute of Technology
    • infant baptism
    • Innu
    • innu mission
    • Innu poetry
    • innu-aiamun
    • Innu-aimun
    • innushkuess
    • Institut Tshakapesh
    • Interculturalité
    • interculturality
    • Interfaith dialogue
    • International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace
    • Intersectional theology
    • intersectionality
    • Isaiah 55
    • Islam
    • Jean Vanier
    • Jeoy Velasco
    • Jesus
    • Jesusthustra
    • Jesustraphilia
    • Jesuthoustra
    • John 18:33-40
    • Joint Mars Initiative
    • Jos
    • Journée Africaine
    • Joyce Echaquan
    • Jun Mercado
    • Justice and Peace
    • Justice For Uwa
    • Justice sociale
    • Justin Trudeau
    • Kagame
    • kakatshat
    • Kanatamat
    • Kelvin Ugwuh
    • Khiona
    • Kola Nut
    • Kwanzaa
    • l’Arche
    • L’Église
    • La lutte autochtone
    • La messe
    • la neige
    • La Police au Nord du Québec
    • La sûreté du Québec
    • Lagos Construction Sector
    • Langue innue
    • le nord
    • Le Seigneur vient
    • Leadership
    • les vieux anges
    • Liberation theology
    • linguistic science
    • Literature
    • littérature autochtone
    • Louis Studer
    • Lourdes
    • Lumumba
    • lutte contre la drogue
    • Madiba
    • makushan
    • Malala
    • Malawi
    • Mallam Abba Kyari
    • Manifestation of God
    • manipulation
    • Maniutenam
    • Mara phone
    • Marcel TOWA
    • Maria Fearing
    • mariage
    • Marie
    • Mariologie
    • Marriage
    • Marriage in Nigeria
    • Marriage proposal
    • Mathieu André
    • Matimekosh
    • Matimekush-Lac John
    • Maya Angelou
    • Mère d’espérance
    • Message de Noël
    • Mgr Balla
    • Mgr Jean Marie Benoît Balla
    • Mgr Yves Plumey
    • Mgrs Fortunatus Neachukwu
    • Michel Hébert
    • Millet Farming
    • Mingan
    • Minor Seminary
    • mishta-shipu
    • Mission
    • mission 3.0
    • Mission autochtones
    • mission guidelines
    • Mission Innu
    • Mission Innue
    • missionaire
    • Missionaries Oblats
    • missionary
    • Missionary challenges
    • missionary letter
    • Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate
    • Missionary of Saint Paul
    • MissionInnue
    • missionnaire
    • Missionnaire noirs
    • Missionnaires
    • Mitt Romney
    • Mois d’histoire des noirs
    • Mother Earth
    • mourning
    • MSP
    • My country
    • my father
    • Naija
    • Naija Poetry
    • Naira
    • Naskapi Cap
    • Nathaniel Chukwuebuka
    • Nation innue
    • National Anthem
    • National Pledge
    • Native Princess
    • Nelson Mandela
    • Neocolonization
    • Netflixing
    • New Evangelization
    • New York City
    • NewsWatch Magazine
    • Ngozi Ezeanya
    • Nietzsche
    • Nigeria
    • Nigeria men and rape
    • Nigerian Catholic Church
    • Nigerian Catholicism
    • Nigerian Catholics
    • Nigerian Christian Persecution
    • Nigerian Church
    • Nigerian Civil War
    • Nigerian Economy
    • Nigerian election
    • Nigerian female students
    • Nigerian Flag
    • Nigerian Government
    • Nigerian Martyrs
    • Nigerian poetry
    • Nigerian police
    • Nigerian Police Force
    • Nigerian politics
    • Nigerian Society
    • Nigerian Transport companies
    • Nigerian women
    • Nigerianleadership
    • Nkruma
    • nkuzi nke okwukwe
    • Nnaemeka Ali
    • Nneka
    • Nok
    • NoMassInTimeOfCovid19
    • Nord
    • nordicité
    • Northern poetry
    • Northern Quebec
    • NoToDrug
    • Notre-Dame des Douleurs
    • Nsukka
    • nuitshimit
    • Nuns
    • NYSC
    • o.m.i
    • O’Bomsawin
    • Oblate
    • Oblate missions
    • oblates
    • OblatesVoices
    • Oblats
    • occupy Nigeria
    • OCH
    • Ode
    • Okonjo-Iweala
    • Old Angels
    • OMI Cameroun
    • OMI Congo
    • OMI US Province
    • OMICameroun
    • OMIWorld
    • Onaiyekan
    • Online Worshiping
    • Opinion
    • Oraison
    • Orisha
    • Ouatara
    • Our Lady of Sorrow
    • Pachamama
    • paean
    • Palaver Conversation
    • Panafricanism
    • Pandemics
    • Papal Audience
    • Pape François
    • Parish
    • Parle du jour
    • paroisse
    • Parole de Dieu
    • Pasteur
    • Pastoral
    • pastoral creativity
    • pastorale
    • pastorale jeunesse
    • Paul Biya
    • Peace
    • peace poetry
    • Peace resolution
    • peacebuilding
    • pèlerin
    • pentecostalism
    • pentecostalism and our culture
    • périphéries existentielles
    • Philippines
    • Philosophy
    • philosophy african
    • pidgin poetry
    • Pierre Nkurunziza
    • PIN 10-DAY POETRY CHALLENGE MAY 2019
    • Place Tahir
    • plan nord
    • Pocahontas
    • Poem
    • Poème
    • Poème religieux
    • Poésie
    • Poésie autochtones
    • Poésie religieuse
    • PoesieCovid19
    • PoésieNordique
    • poète militant
    • Poetry
    • police brutality
    • Political defection
    • Political Poetry
    • politics
    • pope
    • Pope Francis
    • Port Harcourt
    • portage
    • Post Covid19 Church
    • post-covid19 mission
    • post-covid19ienne
    • Postcolonialism
    • potter
    • Pottery
    • Prayer
    • Prejudice. Literature.
    • prêtre missionnaire
    • Prière
    • Prière à Marie
    • Prières à Marie
    • priesthood
    • Princesse indienne
    • Printemps
    • Prosperity gospel
    • Prosperity preachers
    • Provincial Superior
    • Psaume de la creation
    • Québec
    • race humaine
    • Racial prejudice
    • Racism
    • Racism in Amrica
    • Racisme Systèmique
    • Radio Ville Marie
    • RapistsAreCriminals
    • Ratzinger
    • rebelion
    • rebellion
    • reconciliation
    • Religieux
    • Religion
    • Religious Crisis
    • Religious Diologue
    • religious proliferation. sects
    • Religious sisters
    • Return to Spirit
    • Risana Nafeek
    • Rita Mestokosho
    • ritual
    • Rivière Mingan
    • Rivière Saint Laurent
    • Rivière-Nipissis
    • Robert Mugabe
    • Rochas
    • RTC
    • Rudoph Okonkwo
    • Ruwanda
    • Rwanda
    • Sacraments
    • Sacred Signs
    • Sahara Reporters
    • Saint Eugene de Mazenod
    • Sainte Africaine
    • Samurai
    • Sarkozy
    • Saudi Arabia
    • Schefferville
    • Sede Vacante
    • Semaine d'unité chrétienne
    • Senghor
    • Sept-Îles
    • Série Télévisée
    • SexForGrade
    • Seyi Rhodes
    • Shango
    • Sharia law
    • Sign of the cross
    • Signes baptismaux
    • Sisters_in_spirit
    • Skidoo
    • Slavery
    • Smokey mountain
    • Social Justice
    • Social theology
    • SocialMediaBill
    • Society
    • sociological vs anthropological problems
    • sociology
    • Solitary confinement
    • Sous-developement
    • South Africa
    • South African Apartheid Heroes
    • South Afrika
    • Spiritual paternalism
    • Spiritualité autochtone
    • Spiritualité virtuelle
    • Sri Lanka
    • St Eugene De Mazenod nous parle
    • St Martin's Parish Ihiteowerre
    • Startup
    • Stations of the Cross
    • Ste Joséphine Bahkita
    • stéréotype
    • Suicide
    • Sultan of Sokoto
    • Sunday Réflection
    • Sunday reflections
    • Sureté du Québec
    • Tambour
    • The 2013 Nigerian Budget
    • the Church
    • The heart of a child
    • Thé Salada
    • Theresa Mamah
    • Thinking Black
    • ThisdayNigeria
    • Tourisme Sept-Îles
    • Toxicomanie
    • Troisième Dimanche de Carême
    • Trudeau
    • Tshakapesh
    • Tshiuetin
    • U.N.
    • Ubuntu
    • Ugbaike
    • Ujamaa
    • Umura Primary School
    • UN
    • Uncategorized
    • Unconditional love
    • une journée parfaite
    • Union Africaine
    • US Presidential race
    • Vacant seat
    • Vatican
    • Vatican. Catholic Church
    • Vendredi du 5ème semaine de carême
    • Vera Uwaila Omozuwa
    • vérité et réconciliation
    • Virgin Mary
    • Viri probati
    • Virtual spirituality
    • vocation
    • vulnérabilité et fragilité
    • War
    • Weaponization of religion
    • women's right defense
    • Word of life
    • World Bank
    • WorldNews
    • xenophobia
    • xenophobic attack
    • Yoda
    • You should be Afraid
    • young engineer
    • Young missionaries
    • Youth
    • Youth Corps
    • Youth ministry
    • Zacharie Bellefleur
    • Zainab Usman
    • Zarathoustra
    • Zarathoustra chrétien
    • Zarathustra
      •   Back
      • Theology

    Popular Posts

    • All Post
    • #BaseCôtesNord
    • #Benjamins_Canada
    • #BokoHaram
    • #BringBackOurGirls
    • #Buhari
    • #Burundi
    • #CatholicChurch
    • #Developpement et Paix
    • #Einstein
    • #EWTN
    • #FirstNations
    • #FourthSundayofLent
    • #Funeral
    • #Gar_right
    • #HumanRight
    • #Igbo
    • #IIT_Lagos
    • #Industrial_training
    • #Insecurity
    • #iPad
    • #iPhone
    • #IsisParisAttack
    • #JEG
    • #Justice
    • #Kateri_Tekakwitha
    • #Kenya
    • #Kenyata
    • #Lent
    • #Mani-Utenam
    • #Mbaka
    • #NationalCatholicReporters
    • #NigerianElection
    • #NigeriaYouths
    • #Nkurunziza
    • #NnamdiKanu
    • #Nutashkuan
    • #Obama
    • #ObyEzekwesili
    • #OMI
    • #OMIQUEBEC
    • #Oration
    • #PierreNkurunziza
    • #Pray4Nigeria
    • #PrayforParis
    • #Premières_Nations.
    • #Putsch
    • #Relativité
    • #ReligioninNigeria
    • #Religious_Life
    • #Science
    • #Storage
    • #Technology
    • #Terrorism
    • #ThéoriedeRelativité
    • #Trial/Error
    • #Uashat
    • #Vide
    • #VoteWisely
    • #YoungOblates
    • abuja
    • Africa
    • African Catholicism
    • African Christianity
    • African Classics
    • African Literature
    • African mythologie
    • African philosophy
    • African Poetry
    • African Saints
    • African theologians
    • African theology
    • Afrika
    • Air Canada Canada
    • ALI Nnaemeka Cornelius
    • all saint day
    • Amadioha
    • American dream
    • Americanah
    • Amerindiens
    • Amour
    • Anansi
    • Angels
    • Anges
    • Annunciation
    • Antananarivo
    • antipodes existentiels
    • Apostles
    • APTN
    • Arab spring
    • Archbishop Kaigama
    • Aso rock
    • Assassination of clergies. National Catholic Bishops Conferences of Cameroon
    • Asusu Igbo
    • Athletics
    • Atikamek
    • Autochtones
    • Autocton
    • avenir de la vie religieuse
    • Away (TV Series)
    • Baba Suwe
    • Babcock University
    • Bahamas
    • Bakassi Penisula
    • Balaraba Ramat
    • Baptême
    • Baptême du Seigneur
    • Baptism
    • Barack Obama
    • Béatitude
    • Benedict XVI
    • Benny Hinn
    • Betrayal of Jesus
    • Biafra
    • Biafra war
    • Biafran Civil War
    • Biafran-Nigerian war
    • biodiversité
    • Birthday
    • Bishop Badejo
    • Bishop John Ayah
    • Bishop Sebastianappan Singaroyan
    • Bishops' synods
    • Black Catholics
    • Black Child
    • Black identity
    • Black lives matter
    • Black lives matters
    • Black Panther
    • Black Poetry
    • Black theology
    • Black Time
    • Blackface
    • Blackout
    • Blessed Iwene Tansi
    • Boko-Haram
    • Boko-Haram victims
    • bomb blast
    • bombs
    • Bonjour
    • Brownface
    • Brutalité policière
    • burying the dead
    • Business
    • cabals
    • Cafeteria
    • Calliope
    • Cameroon
    • Cameroun
    • Canada
    • Canadian_Church
    • canotage
    • Capital purnishment
    • Cardinal George
    • Cardinal Sarah
    • Caster Semenya
    • catéchèse
    • Catéchètes
    • Catechism
    • Catholic Bishops Conference of Nigeria
    • Catholic Church
    • Catholic church and racism
    • Catholic Diocese of Salem
    • Catholic theology
    • Catholicism
    • Catholicity in Igbo land
    • CBCN
    • CBN
    • CCBI
    • Celibacy
    • Célibat des prêtres
    • CENC
    • Centre Afrika
    • Changement climatique
    • Chigozie Obioma
    • Chika Ezeanya
    • Chika Unigwe
    • Child abuse
    • Child soldier
    • Children
    • Children and Mission
    • Children's Corner
    • Children's Psychology
    • Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
    • Chinua Achebe
    • Christian gathering
    • Christian poetry
    • Christmas poem
    • Chrstian showmanship
    • Church services
    • Church Social Development
    • Churches in Nigeria
    • City poetry
    • Civil union
    • Clergy Sexual Abuses
    • Clericalism
    • climat du Nord
    • Coat of arm
    • Cœur d’enfant
    • Collective Consciousness
    • Colonisation
    • coloriage
    • Communauté de foi
    • Communauté religieuse
    • communauté vivante
    • Communautés culturelles
    • Community developement
    • Community life
    • Community School
    • Conclave
    • Conference Épiscopale du Cameroon
    • Conférence Épiscopale du Tchad
    • confinement solitaire
    • Conflict de génération
    • Conseil des églises canadiennes
    • Contercultural revolution
    • Contextual theology
    • Corona Virus
    • Corona Virus et la foi
    • corporal works of mercy
    • Corruption
    • Corruption in Nigeria
    • Côte-Nord
    • Cotes d'Ivoire
    • counterculture
    • Couple
    • Covid Skepticism
    • Covid Skeptics
    • COVID19
    • Covid19andFaith
    • COVID19inNigeria
    • Covid19Poetry
    • Creativity in mission
    • Cross
    • Croyance Chrétienne
    • Crucifix
    • Cultural Anthropology
    • Cultural resilience
    • Culture
    • Culture of Rape
    • Daily reflection
    • Daily reflections
    • Dambisa Moyo
    • De Gaule
    • Dear Ijeawele
    • Debout
    • Dele Giwa
    • Democracie
    • Democracy
    • Democracy Day Celebration
    • Denis Hurley
    • Denyse Mostert
    • Desjardins
    • Devaluation
    • dialogue
    • dimanche de la parole de Dieu
    • Diplomacy fo Peace
    • Disciples of Emmaus
    • Discipleship
    • Disney World
    • Domination
    • domination occidentale
    • Dorian
    • Douleur d’enfantements
    • Dr Stella Emmanuel
    • Earth Day
    • Easter
    • Easter message
    • ecclésiologie
    • Ecclesiology
    • Ecology
    • ecopoésie
    • Ecumenism
    • Education
    • Église
    • église et mission
    • Église presbytérienne
    • Ekuanitshit
    • Ekuantshit
    • El Rufai
    • emekalison
    • ENDSARS
    • enigma
    • Enugu
    • Enugu-Ezike
    • Epiphany
    • Équilibre mental
    • Est du Québec
    • etc.
    • étoile filante
    • être église
    • Évangélisation
    • existence
    • exploitation
    • Eze Okechukwu
    • facebook
    • Faith
    • Faith and COVID19
    • FaithAndFear
    • Fake miracles
    • famille mazenodienne
    • Famille Myriam
    • Family Church
    • Family ritual
    • Fanaticism
    • Farming ritual
    • fatalité
    • Father figure
    • Fear
    • Feminism
    • Femmes autochtones
    • Fête des mères
    • Fêtes des mères
    • Fiat
    • Fishing
    • Focolare
    • Foi et Turbulences
    • Font baptismal
    • Forbes
    • Fr Joseph Ntumba Maboyi
    • Fr Mbaka
    • France-Afrique
    • Francophonie
    • Frank Santucci
    • Fraternalisation virtuelle
    • Fraternisation virtuelle
    • frein culturel
    • frère soleil
    • Fuel Subsidy
    • Fuel Subsidy removal
    • Gadhaffi
    • Gbagbo
    • Gender discrimination
    • Genocide of India's daughter
    • genre discrimination
    • George Floyd
    • Giant Nation
    • GirlsLivesMatter
    • Globalization
    • Glorious Cross
    • Good Friday
    • Goodluck Jonathan
    • guerre
    • guerre économique
    • Hajj
    • Handicaps
    • Happiness
    • harponage
    • Hassan KUKAH
    • hero
    • Heureux
    • Hilary Swank
    • Histoire de l’Église
    • Hiver
    • Holy Cross
    • Homecoming
    • Homeless Babies
    • Homily
    • Hommage
    • hope poetry
    • Hope Uzodimma
    • House Collapses in lagos
    • Human right
    • Hurricane
    • Hydro-Québec
    • Hydroxychloroquine
    • I am George Floyd
    • I.A.A.F.
    • Iconography
    • Ife
    • Igbo Cosmology
    • Igbo Culture
    • Igbo girls
    • Igbo language
    • Igbo women
    • Immigrant
    • Imo State
    • Imperialisme
    • Imperialisme etc
    • In the name of Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit
    • Inculturation
    • India
    • indigenous spirituality
    • Industrial Institute of Technology
    • infant baptism
    • Innu
    • innu mission
    • Innu poetry
    • innu-aiamun
    • Innu-aimun
    • innushkuess
    • Institut Tshakapesh
    • Interculturalité
    • interculturality
    • Interfaith dialogue
    • International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace
    • Intersectional theology
    • intersectionality
    • Isaiah 55
    • Islam
    • Jean Vanier
    • Jeoy Velasco
    • Jesus
    • Jesusthustra
    • Jesustraphilia
    • Jesuthoustra
    • John 18:33-40
    • Joint Mars Initiative
    • Jos
    • Journée Africaine
    • Joyce Echaquan
    • Jun Mercado
    • Justice and Peace
    • Justice For Uwa
    • Justice sociale
    • Justin Trudeau
    • Kagame
    • kakatshat
    • Kanatamat
    • Kelvin Ugwuh
    • Khiona
    • Kola Nut
    • Kwanzaa
    • l’Arche
    • L’Église
    • La lutte autochtone
    • La messe
    • la neige
    • La Police au Nord du Québec
    • La sûreté du Québec
    • Lagos Construction Sector
    • Langue innue
    • le nord
    • Le Seigneur vient
    • Leadership
    • les vieux anges
    • Liberation theology
    • linguistic science
    • Literature
    • littérature autochtone
    • Louis Studer
    • Lourdes
    • Lumumba
    • lutte contre la drogue
    • Madiba
    • makushan
    • Malala
    • Malawi
    • Mallam Abba Kyari
    • Manifestation of God
    • manipulation
    • Maniutenam
    • Mara phone
    • Marcel TOWA
    • Maria Fearing
    • mariage
    • Marie
    • Mariologie
    • Marriage
    • Marriage in Nigeria
    • Marriage proposal
    • Mathieu André
    • Matimekosh
    • Matimekush-Lac John
    • Maya Angelou
    • Mère d’espérance
    • Message de Noël
    • Mgr Balla
    • Mgr Jean Marie Benoît Balla
    • Mgr Yves Plumey
    • Mgrs Fortunatus Neachukwu
    • Michel Hébert
    • Millet Farming
    • Mingan
    • Minor Seminary
    • mishta-shipu
    • Mission
    • mission 3.0
    • Mission autochtones
    • mission guidelines
    • Mission Innu
    • Mission Innue
    • missionaire
    • Missionaries Oblats
    • missionary
    • Missionary challenges
    • missionary letter
    • Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate
    • Missionary of Saint Paul
    • MissionInnue
    • missionnaire
    • Missionnaire noirs
    • Missionnaires
    • Mitt Romney
    • Mois d’histoire des noirs
    • Mother Earth
    • mourning
    • MSP
    • My country
    • my father
    • Naija
    • Naija Poetry
    • Naira
    • Naskapi Cap
    • Nathaniel Chukwuebuka
    • Nation innue
    • National Anthem
    • National Pledge
    • Native Princess
    • Nelson Mandela
    • Neocolonization
    • Netflixing
    • New Evangelization
    • New York City
    • NewsWatch Magazine
    • Ngozi Ezeanya
    • Nietzsche
    • Nigeria
    • Nigeria men and rape
    • Nigerian Catholic Church
    • Nigerian Catholicism
    • Nigerian Catholics
    • Nigerian Christian Persecution
    • Nigerian Church
    • Nigerian Civil War
    • Nigerian Economy
    • Nigerian election
    • Nigerian female students
    • Nigerian Flag
    • Nigerian Government
    • Nigerian Martyrs
    • Nigerian poetry
    • Nigerian police
    • Nigerian Police Force
    • Nigerian politics
    • Nigerian Society
    • Nigerian Transport companies
    • Nigerian women
    • Nigerianleadership
    • Nkruma
    • nkuzi nke okwukwe
    • Nnaemeka Ali
    • Nneka
    • Nok
    • NoMassInTimeOfCovid19
    • Nord
    • nordicité
    • Northern poetry
    • Northern Quebec
    • NoToDrug
    • Notre-Dame des Douleurs
    • Nsukka
    • nuitshimit
    • Nuns
    • NYSC
    • o.m.i
    • O’Bomsawin
    • Oblate
    • Oblate missions
    • oblates
    • OblatesVoices
    • Oblats
    • occupy Nigeria
    • OCH
    • Ode
    • Okonjo-Iweala
    • Old Angels
    • OMI Cameroun
    • OMI Congo
    • OMI US Province
    • OMICameroun
    • OMIWorld
    • Onaiyekan
    • Online Worshiping
    • Opinion
    • Oraison
    • Orisha
    • Ouatara
    • Our Lady of Sorrow
    • Pachamama
    • paean
    • Palaver Conversation
    • Panafricanism
    • Pandemics
    • Papal Audience
    • Pape François
    • Parish
    • Parle du jour
    • paroisse
    • Parole de Dieu
    • Pasteur
    • Pastoral
    • pastoral creativity
    • pastorale
    • pastorale jeunesse
    • Paul Biya
    • Peace
    • peace poetry
    • Peace resolution
    • peacebuilding
    • pèlerin
    • pentecostalism
    • pentecostalism and our culture
    • périphéries existentielles
    • Philippines
    • Philosophy
    • philosophy african
    • pidgin poetry
    • Pierre Nkurunziza
    • PIN 10-DAY POETRY CHALLENGE MAY 2019
    • Place Tahir
    • plan nord
    • Pocahontas
    • Poem
    • Poème
    • Poème religieux
    • Poésie
    • Poésie autochtones
    • Poésie religieuse
    • PoesieCovid19
    • PoésieNordique
    • poète militant
    • Poetry
    • police brutality
    • Political defection
    • Political Poetry
    • politics
    • pope
    • Pope Francis
    • Port Harcourt
    • portage
    • Post Covid19 Church
    • post-covid19 mission
    • post-covid19ienne
    • Postcolonialism
    • potter
    • Pottery
    • Prayer
    • Prejudice. Literature.
    • prêtre missionnaire
    • Prière
    • Prière à Marie
    • Prières à Marie
    • priesthood
    • Princesse indienne
    • Printemps
    • Prosperity gospel
    • Prosperity preachers
    • Provincial Superior
    • Psaume de la creation
    • Québec
    • race humaine
    • Racial prejudice
    • Racism
    • Racism in Amrica
    • Racisme Systèmique
    • Radio Ville Marie
    • RapistsAreCriminals
    • Ratzinger
    • rebelion
    • rebellion
    • reconciliation
    • Religieux
    • Religion
    • Religious Crisis
    • Religious Diologue
    • religious proliferation. sects
    • Religious sisters
    • Return to Spirit
    • Risana Nafeek
    • Rita Mestokosho
    • ritual
    • Rivière Mingan
    • Rivière Saint Laurent
    • Rivière-Nipissis
    • Robert Mugabe
    • Rochas
    • RTC
    • Rudoph Okonkwo
    • Ruwanda
    • Rwanda
    • Sacraments
    • Sacred Signs
    • Sahara Reporters
    • Saint Eugene de Mazenod
    • Sainte Africaine
    • Samurai
    • Sarkozy
    • Saudi Arabia
    • Schefferville
    • Sede Vacante
    • Semaine d'unité chrétienne
    • Senghor
    • Sept-Îles
    • Série Télévisée
    • SexForGrade
    • Seyi Rhodes
    • Shango
    • Sharia law
    • Sign of the cross
    • Signes baptismaux
    • Sisters_in_spirit
    • Skidoo
    • Slavery
    • Smokey mountain
    • Social Justice
    • Social theology
    • SocialMediaBill
    • Society
    • sociological vs anthropological problems
    • sociology
    • Solitary confinement
    • Sous-developement
    • South Africa
    • South African Apartheid Heroes
    • South Afrika
    • Spiritual paternalism
    • Spiritualité autochtone
    • Spiritualité virtuelle
    • Sri Lanka
    • St Eugene De Mazenod nous parle
    • St Martin's Parish Ihiteowerre
    • Startup
    • Stations of the Cross
    • Ste Joséphine Bahkita
    • stéréotype
    • Suicide
    • Sultan of Sokoto
    • Sunday Réflection
    • Sunday reflections
    • Sureté du Québec
    • Tambour
    • The 2013 Nigerian Budget
    • the Church
    • The heart of a child
    • Thé Salada
    • Theresa Mamah
    • Thinking Black
    • ThisdayNigeria
    • Tourisme Sept-Îles
    • Toxicomanie
    • Troisième Dimanche de Carême
    • Trudeau
    • Tshakapesh
    • Tshiuetin
    • U.N.
    • Ubuntu
    • Ugbaike
    • Ujamaa
    • Umura Primary School
    • UN
    • Uncategorized
    • Unconditional love
    • une journée parfaite
    • Union Africaine
    • US Presidential race
    • Vacant seat
    • Vatican
    • Vatican. Catholic Church
    • Vendredi du 5ème semaine de carême
    • Vera Uwaila Omozuwa
    • vérité et réconciliation
    • Virgin Mary
    • Viri probati
    • Virtual spirituality
    • vocation
    • vulnérabilité et fragilité
    • War
    • Weaponization of religion
    • women's right defense
    • Word of life
    • World Bank
    • WorldNews
    • xenophobia
    • xenophobic attack
    • Yoda
    • You should be Afraid
    • young engineer
    • Young missionaries
    • Youth
    • Youth Corps
    • Youth ministry
    • Zacharie Bellefleur
    • Zainab Usman
    • Zarathoustra
    • Zarathoustra chrétien
    • Zarathustra
      •   Back
      • Theology

    Newsletter

    JOIN THE FAMILY!

    Stay up to date

    You have been successfully Subscribed! Please Connect to Mailchimp first
    Edit Template

    © 2023 Alisonomi | The brain behind iPriest